酸(suan)催化(hua)分(fen)子重排(pai)之分(fen)子重排(pai)反(fan)應

　　分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(molecular rearrangement reaction)是(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)基因或原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)從一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)轉移(yi)(yi)(yi)到另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上，形成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)新的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)間重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)和分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)內(nei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)。在重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)中(zhong)，遷(qian)(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)(yi)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或者基團(tuan)完全游離并脫離原來(lai)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，然后與其它(ta)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)連接，這種重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)稱為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)間重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)。在這種重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)中(zhong)，遷(qian)(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)(yi)基團(tuan)也可(ke)能來(lai)自不同分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。而(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)則與其它(ta)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)無關(guan)，遷(qian)(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)(yi)基團(tuan)始終沒有(you)脫離原來(lai)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，僅從分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)(yi)至另(ling)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種復雜的(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)化(hua)學現象。在有(you)機(ji)合成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)經常是(shi)所需反(fan)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)競爭反(fan)應(ying)(ying)，合成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)加以避免，一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)可(ke)提供(gong)巧(qiao)妙(miao)的(de)(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)途徑，應(ying)(ying)盡量加以利用。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)有(you)多種類型，這里(li)僅介紹一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)酸(suan)催化(hua)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)。